Intoxicação por plantas do gênero Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae) em animais de produção
Resumo
A espécie de samambaia Pteridium aquilinum foi recentemente reclassificada em diversas espécies do mesmo gênero, sendo as existentes no Brasil Pteridium arachnoideum e Pteridium caudatum. As plantas do gênero Pteridium contem diversos princípios ativos, sendo os de maior relevância toxicológica a tiaminase, responsável pela intoxicação em monogástricos, e o ptaquilosídeo, substância cancerígena responsável pela intoxicação em ruminantes. Os animais de produção consomem a samambaia, especialmente as suas partes mais jovens, mesmo não sendo palatável. Os efeitos da ingestão são vários, dependendo da espécie animal e da dose ingerida. Cinco diferentes síndromes são descritas na literatura: deficiência de tiamina, degeneração progressiva da retina, síndrome hemorrágica aguda (diátese hemorrágica), hematúria enzoótica bovina e carcinomas do trato alimentar superior. É importante ressaltar que outras espécies de samambaias além daquelas do gênero Pteridium podem causar intoxicações nos animais de produção.
Palavras-chave
Referências
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