Response of broiler chicks fed by clove and cardamom alcoholic extracts
Resumo
This study investigated the effectiveness of clove and cardamom alcoholic extracts as growth promoters on performance, carcass traits, some blood serum components, immunity parameters, intestinal microbial population and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks. To this purpose, a total of 240 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308 strain) were distributed randomly into three groups in a form of completely randomized design. The experimental groups were subdivided into four replicates with 20 chicks each. The experiment was continued 6 weeks. Chicks were fed by basal diet as control, basal diet contain 300(ml.ton) clove and basal diet contain 300(ml.ton) cardamom alcoholic extract. The result showed that significant increase in FI and BW in clove and cardamom groups while FCR decreased significantly. Using these herbal extracts already reduced abdominal fat and bursa of fabricius percentage while liver and spleen weight percentage increased significantly. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased in treatments and high-density lipoprotein HDL increased. Also, low density lipoprotein LDL level decreased significantly in clove and cardamom groups. As result reveled antibody titers (ND and SRBC) increased significantly in treated groups compared to the control. It was showed that clove and cardamom extracts had significant effects on intestinal microbial population compared to control group. Data showed that Escherichia coli population decreased while Lactobacillus increased significantly compared to the control. We could demonstrate that inclusion of clove and cardamom extracts may useful and have beneficial effects on performance, blood serum components, values of immunity parameters and intestinal morphology in experimental Ross 308 broiler chicks.
Palavras-chave
Referências
AGOSTINI, P.S.; SOLA-ORIOL, D.; NOFRARÍAS, M.; BARROETA, A.C.; GASA, J. & MANZANILLA, E.G. (2012). Role of in-feed clove supplementation on growth performance, intestinal microbiology, and morphology in broiler chicken.Livestock Science, 147(1), 113-118.
AOAC. (2000). Official Methods of Analytical chemist. 16th ed. Arlington, V.A.
BEARD, C.W. (1989). Serological procedures, in: Laboratory manual for the isolation and identification of avian pathogens, edited by: Purchase, H. G., Asp, L. H., Domermuth, C. H., and Pearson, J. E., American Association of avian pathologists, 3192–200.
CABUK, M.; ALCICEK, A.; BOZKURT, M.; & IMRE, N. (2003). Antimicrobial properties of the essential oils isolated from aromatic plants and using possibility as alternative feed additives. II. In National Animal Nutrition Congress (pp. 18-20).
DEMIR, E.; SARICA, Ş.; OZCAN, M.A. & SUI MEZ, M. (2003). The use of natural feed additives as alternatives for an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. British Poultry Science, 44(S1), 44-45.
DOWNES, F.P. & ITO K. (2001). Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods, American Public Health Association Inc, Washington DC, USASAS Institute. SAS/STAT User’s Guide for Personal Computer. 6.12 SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, N.C., USA
DUNCAN’S, D.B. (1995). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics.11-1-42.
ELLEFSON, R.D. & GARAWAY, W.T. (1967). Lipids and lipoproteins, in: Fundamentals of clinical chemistry, edited by: Tietz, N. W., Saunders, W. B. Company.
FAGHANI, M.; RAFIEE, A.; NAMJOO, A.R. & RAHIMIAN, Y. (2014). Performance, cholesterol profile and intestinal microbial population in broilers fed turmeric extract. Research Opinions in Animal & Veterinary Sciences, 4(9).
FRINGS, C.S. & DUNN, R.T. (1970). A colorimetric method for determination of total serum lipids based on the Sulfo phosphor vanillin reaction. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 53(1), 89-91.
GHAEDI, H.J.; NASR, F.; KHEIRI, Y.; RAHIMIAN & Y MIRI. (2014). The effect of virginiamycine and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) extract on performance of broiler chicks. Res. Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci.4 (2), 91-95
GIANNENAS, I.; FLOROU-PANERI, P.; PAPAZAHARIADOU, M.; CHRISTAKI, E.; BOTSOGLOU, N.A. & SPAIS, A.B. (2003). Effect of dietary supplementation with oregano essential oil on performance of broilers after experimental infection with Eimeria tenella. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 57(2), 99-106.
CIFTCI, M.; GÜLER, T.; DALKILIÇ, B. & ERTAS, О.N. (2005). The Effect of Anise Oil (Pimpinella an¡ sum L.) On Broiler Performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(11), 851-855.
GREATHEAD, H. (2003). Plants and plant extracts for improving animal productivity. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 62(2), 279-290.
HERNANDEZ, F.; MADRID, J.; GARCIA, V.; ORENGO, J. & MEGIAS, M.D. (2004). Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size. Poultry Science, 83(2), 169-174.
JAMAL, A.; KALIMJAVED, M. & ASLAM, M.A. (2005). Gastro protective effect of cardamom Elettaria cardamom. Afrci Journal of Ethno-pharmacology, 103 149-153.
KHEIRI, F.; RAHIMIAN, Y. & NASR, J. (2015). Application of sumac and dried whey in female broiler feed. Archiv fuer Tierzucht, 58(1), 205.
KIM, S. I.; YI, J.H.; TAK, J.H. & AHN, Y.J. (2004). Acaricidal activity of plant essential oils against Dermanyssus gallinae (Acari: Dermanyssidae). Veterinary parasitology, 120(4), 297-304.
KRITTIKA, N.; NATTA, L. & ORAPIN, K. (2007). Antibacterial effect of five Zingiberaceae essential oils. School of bio-resources and technology, Thailand, 12 2047-2060.
KLAVER, F.A.M. & VANDER MEER, R. (1993).The assumed assimilation of cholesterol by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bifidum is due to their bile salt deconjugating activity. Appl Environ Microbiol. 59.1120-1124.
LEE, K.W.; EVERTS, H.; KAPPERT, H.J.; WOUTERSE, H.; FREHNER, M. & BEYNEN, A.C. (2004). Cinnamaldehyde, but not thymol, counteracts the carboxymethyl cellulose-induced growth depression in female broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci, 3(9), 608-612.
MARTINS, E.R. et al. (2000). Plantas Medicinais. Viçosa: Editora UFV: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
MEHR, M.A.; HASSANABADI, A.; MOGHADDAM, H.N. & KERMANSHAHI, H. (2014). Online version is available on: www. ijas. ir. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 4(1), 117-122.
MEHR, M.A.; HASSANABADI, A.; MOGHADAM, N.A. & KERMANSHAHI, H. (2014). Supplementation of clove essential oils and probiotic on blood components, lymphoid organs, and immune response in broiler chickens. Res. Opin.Anim. Vet. Sci.4(4) 218-223.
MILES, R.D.; BUTCHER, G.D.; HENRY, P.R. & LITTELL, R.C. (2006). Effect of antibiotic growth promoters on broiler performance, intestinal growth parameters, and quantitative morphology. Poult. Sci. 85, 476–485
GUVENC, A. AND KOYUNCU, M. (1994). A study on the main active compounds of leaves and fruits of Rhus coriaria L, Turk. J. Medi.Sci. 20.11–13.
MUKHTAR, M.A. (2011). The effect of dietary clove oil on broiler performance.Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(7), 49-51.
OMIDI, M.; TAHERPOUR, K.; CHERAGHI, J. & GHASEMI, H.A. (2015). Influence of cardamom essential oils and seeds on growth performance, blood characteristics and immunity of broilers. Animal Production Science, 55(5), 573-579.
NRC. Nutrient Requirement of Poultry. (2001). 9th. Rev. Edition, National Academy Press, Washington
OSMAN, N.E.G.; TALAT, C.; MEHMET, D.; BESTAMI AND S. GULCIHAN. (2005). The effect of an Essential oil mix derived from Oregano, Clove and Anise on broiler performance. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4(11) 879-884.
PINA‐VAZ, C.; GONÇALVES RODRIGUES, A.; PINTO, E.; COSTA‐DE‐OLIVEIRA, S.; TAVARES, C.; SALGUEIRO, L. & MARTINEZ‐DE‐OLIVEIRA, J. (2004). Antifungal activity of Thymus oils and their major compounds. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 18(1), 73-78.
RAJA. F.; ELAMIN, KHADIGA A.; ABDEL ATTI& BAKHEIT. M.; DOUSA. (2011). Response of broiler chicks to dietary cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). U of K. J. Vet. Med. & Anim. 2 ( 2) 33-48.
RUIZ, J. A.; PÉREZ-VENDRELL, A. M.; & ESTEVE-GARCÍA, E. (1999). Effect of β-carotene and vitamin E on oxidative stability in leg meat of broilers fed different supplemental fats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,47(2), 448-454.
SAMANYA, M. & YAMAUCHI, K.E. (2002). Histological alterations of intestinal villi in chickens fed dried Bacillus subtilis var. natto. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology,133(1), 95-104.
SANG-OH, P.; CHAE-MIN, R.; BYUNG-SUNG, P. & JONG, H. (2013). The meat quality and growth performance in broiler chickens fed diet with cinnamon powder. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34(1), 127.
SARONO S. (1995). In vitro probotic preparation of indigenous dadih lactic acid bacteria. Asian-ustralas J. Anim. Sci. 16726-731.
SINGH, G.; KAPOOR, I.P.S.; PANDEY, S.K.; SINGH, U.K., &SINGH, R. K. (2002). Studies on essential oils: part 10; antibacterial activity of volatile oils of some spices. Phytotherapy research, 16(7), 680-682.
SINGH, G.; KIRAN, S.; MARIMUTHU, P.; ISIDOROV, V. AND VINOGOROVA, V. (2008). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and various oleoresins of Elettaria cardamomum (seeds and pods). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 88(2), 280-289.
VALERO, M.; AND SALMERON, M.C. (2003). Antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against Bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth. International journal of food microbiology, 85(1), 73-81.
WEGMANN, T.G.; AND SMITHIES, O. (1966). A simple hemagglutination system requiring small amounts of red cells and antibodies. Transfusion, 6 (1), 67-73.
Apontamentos
- Não há apontamentos.
Visitas